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Originally, this open area comprising of an entire insula was always thought to be the “Foro Boario” or cattle-market, because the original excavators found large animal bones.
Other explanations were as a site for the cages for the wild animals to be used in the games in the Amphitheatre, or even as a burial place for the dead gladiators.
By allowing Wilhelmina Jashemski to excavate here, by the end of the 1970 season she had found 2,014 vine root cavities and an equal numbers of stakes to support the vines and thus disproving previous theories and proving that this was indeed a vineyard.
Evidence that olives and vegetables may have been cultivated here was also found, as well as root cavities for large trees.
The cultivation of vines took place over the entire insula, and then the wine was stored in the cella vinaria.
Some of the wine was then sold in the shop in the Via dell’Abbondanza, and some of it was drunk by the visitors to the games at the Amphitheatre relaxing on the triclinia, at least two of which have been found here.
This is the largest of all the vineyards so far found within the city. Other vineyards being found at I.20.1, 1.20.5, and IX.9.6/7, and others in Via di Nocera and Via di Castricio.
All of these vineyards had equipment for winemaking, such as presses to extract the juice, and large pottery vessels called dolia in which the fermentation took place, and amphorae to store and conserve the wine. Some of the dolia had been discovered buried up to their necks underground. According to Wilhelmina, Pliny wrote that the finest wines in Campania were fermented exposed to the open air, while the weak vintages were kept in dolia sunk into the ground. Some of these vineyards even had wine cellars. Another vineyard, and triclinium, had been found on the other side of the Via dell’Abbondanza at III.7
II.5 Pompeii. 1961.
Looking east across site towards a flock of sheep on their way to their grazing for the day. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. 5 years later - flock of sheep on their way to their grazing. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking north-west across site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking south towards Amphitheatre, and the south-west corner of the site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking east across site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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The insula was cleared of lapilli from December 1954 to May 1955, except for the area of a modern house in the north-east corner, and the area of the north-west corner where there appeared to be an ancient building, as well as the chamber for access to the Sarno canal.
The 1955 excavators had removed the volcanic material down to the original level, and then covered the area with backfill.
See Jashemski W. F., 2014. Discovering the Gardens of Pompeii: The Memoirs of a Garden Archaeologist 1955 – 2004, p. 132-3.
II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Trial trench dug on the east side, where there was still a covering of the original volcanic debris.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
After digging down more than 4 feet to the original AD79 level, a cavity left by the decay of a large root was discovered.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Large cavity being studied. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Putting the finishing touches to the cavity, before filling with cement. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. The finished cavity, including a stake-hole. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Filling the cavity with cement. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Continuation of trench along east wall, but the covering of lapilli soon ended and the backfill was deep and compacted.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Digging through the backfill. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. David Orr and Wilhelmina making a discovery. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
A few small cavities were discovered and dug-out over the next few days, on the east side of the site.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Small vine-root cavity, and its stake. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Excavations near east wall and south-east corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Looking south at the excavations near east wall in south-east corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. West wall near north-west corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Excavations near west wall, looking north. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Here the original ground level was barely below the surface, and as such had been badly damaged by trucks removing the lapilli in the 1950’s.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Another root cavity, one of only a few found near the west wall.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Excavating near the west wall. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking north across site of trenches near west wall. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Excavating by the east wall of the unexcavated area in the north-west corner of the site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Finds. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Carefully looking for the root cavities.
Wilhelmina’s first complete row of small root cavities were found along this east wall of the unexcavated area in the north-west.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking north towards the east wall of the unexcavated structure in north-west corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking west towards the east wall of the unexcavated structure in north-west corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Looking north, measuring and recording along the row of small root cavities found near the east wall.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Row of root cavities found along the east wall. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Stones to protect the root cavities along the east wall. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Removal of heavy weed growth from south wall of unexcavated structure in north-west corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
North-west corner, looking west along south wall of unexcavated structure, where another row of small cavities were found.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Looking west along the south wall, measuring and recording the root cavities.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
Digging out a modern root by the side of a plaster-cast of a root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Excavating out into the centre from the edges in the north-west corner. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
It was felt that the few cavities found around the edge of the insula, did not disprove that this might still have been a cattle market.
In order to prove it, root cavities in neat lines would have to be found in the centre of the insula.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Looking towards the west wall, trenches were dug out into the centre of the insula, in line with the root cavities found around the edges.
However, results were disappointing as the soil was very compacted and nothing was preserved below it.
Another trench was tried but only three small root cavities were found, and so it was felt that too much time and money was being spent for the few root cavities that had been found. These roots did not disprove the theory that this had been the cattle-market.
Reluctantly Wilhelmina agreed, and temporarily abandoned this site for other gardens.
When she had finished those, she persuaded the authorities to continue with the search here, as nothing else would be as important as proving or disproving the cattle-market theory.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking south-west across site, from III.7. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966.
On re-commencing the excavation in this insula, they continued their digging towards the centre of the insula from the west wall.
Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
In the Pompeii of 1966, it was much easier to get in and around places that are now fenced off and out-of-bounds.
There were not as many “Vietato l’accesso” (No-entry) signs around in those days.
In the words of Tony Robinson on “Time-Team” we hope these passers-by asked “Can we come into your trench?”
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Working hard. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966 Pompeii. 1966. Looking north-west across site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking east across site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Cleaning out a root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Measuring a root cavity. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Measuring. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Delicate work, with bucket, jug and cement. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Filling the root cavity with cement. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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II.5 Pompeii. 1966. Looking east across site. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.
Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.
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